Colorectal cancer rates have been steadily increasing among young people in the United States, with cases in individuals aged 55 and under rising from 11% in 1995 to 20% in 2019. Notably, colorectal cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death in men under 50 and the second leading cause in women under 50. Despite this trend, current guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend screening only for adults aged 45 to 75, primarily through colonoscopy, considered the “gold standard” for detection.
However, experts argue that waiting until age 45 for screening might be too late for many individuals, especially those with certain symptoms or risk factors. Symptoms such as blood in the stool, persistent bowel changes, sudden abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or a family history of colorectal cancer should prompt earlier screening. For individuals with a family history, particularly if a first-degree relative was diagnosed before age 50, screening should start at least a decade before the age of the affected family member.
Other risk factors that warrant earlier screening include inflammatory bowel disease, iron deficiency anemia (especially in men), personal history of colorectal cancer, or certain genetic mutations associated with cancer. These conditions increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer and necessitate proactive screening measures. Colonoscopies can detect and remove precancerous polyps, significantly reducing the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
While colonoscopies are considered the most effective screening method, alternatives such as fecal tests and CT scans are available for individuals who are hesitant about or unable to undergo a colonoscopy. However, adherence to screening guidelines remains crucial, as early detection significantly improves outcomes. Despite the availability of screening options, a considerable portion of the population remains unscreened, highlighting the importance of raising awareness and promoting proactive healthcare practices.
The rise in colorectal cancer rates among young people underscores the urgency of taking personal and family health history seriously. While experiencing symptoms outlined above doesn’t necessarily indicate colorectal cancer, they warrant medical evaluation, including consideration of a colonoscopy. Maintaining vigilance over one’s health and advocating for appropriate screening can lead to early detection, prevention, and potentially life-saving interventions.
